Intravenous infusion through a disposable infusion set is an indispensable important method and means in clinical treatment. The research results show that a large part of the clinical harm caused by infusion is caused by insoluble particles. The filter membrane of the disposable infusion set can only filter particles larger than 5 microns in diameter, and particles equal to and smaller than the micron diameter. The disposable infusion set cannot filter, so it can filter infusions with 5 microns and smaller particles. The needs of the device came into being.



The main types and generation processes of particles are:
1. Plastic particles, adsorbate in the infusion bag during the production process;
2. Rubber particles are generated when the insertion needle punctures the rubber stopper;
3. Fibres, fluff, and dust particles are generated during contact with the indoor environment during bag opening and puncture; 4. Carbon black particles, particles present in some pharmaceutical preparations;
5. Insoluble colloidal particles are produced during the production of Chinese herbal medicine preparations due to the limitation of the purification process;
6. Crystal particles, which are generated when the storage conditions of the drug are changed and the storage time is increased; 7. Glass particles are particles that are scattered when the ampoule is cut;
8. Drug microparticles. When drugs are added, they are generated due to incomplete dissolution of some powders, physical and chemical interactions between drugs, changes in solvents, and changes in pH.


The main clinical hazards caused by particles are as follows.

1, allergic reactions. Drug crystal particles, polymers, degradation products and other foreign substances contained in the drug can react with tissue proteins at the injection site or in the veins of the vein, causing an allergic reaction.

2, phlebitis. After entering the human body, the particles cause irritation and damage to the inner wall of the blood vessel with blood circulation, change the normal state of the blood vessel wall, cause platelet adhesion, and cause phlebitis.

3, vascular embolism. Insoluble particles cause blockages in small blood vessels in the brain, lungs, kidneys, liver, eyes, etc., causing different degrees of tissue necrosis and damage.

4, block microcirculation. Capillary diameter in adults is 6 to 8 microns, and in infants only 3 microns. Microparticles with a diameter larger than the diameter of capillaries in the medicinal solution can block capillaries and form microcirculation disorders.

5, arteriosclerosis. Particles can cause non-inflammatory lesions in the arteries, thicken and harden the arterial wall, lose elasticity, and narrow the lumen.

6. Pyrogen reaction. Symptoms such as chills and high fever caused by infusion are called pyrogen reactions.

7. Granuloma. When particles invade into the capillaries of the lung, brain, kidney and other tissues, they will cause macrophages to proliferate and form granulomas, which will cause insufficient blood supply to the brain, lungs, kidneys and eyes, and cause circulation disorders.

8, pulmonary embolism. When the blood reaches the lungs through circulation, the capillary bed of the lungs acts as a filter, leaving a part of the particles to stick to the blood vessel wall, which easily forms pulmonary embolism and granulomas.

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